The trait for red hair is recessive, meaning that when a person expresses two copies of this allele they have red hair. what can be said about the phenotype and genotype of a red-haired individual versus a brown-haired (dominant) individual?

Let "r" stand for the recessive red hair trait. A person with red hair must have a genotype of "rr" ( one from each parent) in order to have red hair( red hair being the phenotype).

Let "B" stand for brown hair and "b" stand for not brown hair. A person with brown hair can have a genotype of "Bb" or "BB" and have a phenotype of Brown hair. This is becasue brown hair "B" is the dominant trait.