The tundra ecosystem of alaska is known as a “cold desert.” it receives very little precipitation, about four inches annually. however, it is rich in wetlands due to permafrost, which traps moisture close to the surface. the temperatures vary widely, also producing persistent winds. although treeless, the arctic tundra is an abundant ecosystem. many organisms find their niche here including many migratory bird species and mammals such as caribou, foxes, bears, and small rodents. which element of the tundra ecosystem is biotic?

Biotic factors of tundra ecosystem: migratory bird species and mammals such as caribou, foxes, bears, and small rodents.

Explanation:

Biotic component of an ecosystem are the total of all the species of living beings present in the system. It includes species of plant, animals and microbes. Since tundra ecosystem is habitat for migratory bird species and mammals such as caribou, foxes, bears, and small rodents; these living beings serve as biotic component for the system.

the darker peppered moth species were favored due to the fact that the industrial revolution had made all the nearby trees a darker color instead of white.

the menstrual cycle – higher tier. negative feedback mechanisms affect the production of hormones in the menstrual cycle. oestrogen also stimulates the release of lh (luteinising hormone) from the pituitary gland, which in turn controls the production of progesterone.