Which of the following is an example of primary succession?
wetland regrowth after a severe storm.
forest regrowth after an ice storm.
plant development on a layer of rock deposits.
an abandoned farm becoming a meadow.

ecological efficiency: % of usable energy transferred as

biomass from one trophic level to the next typical is 10% efficient (90% of

energy is lost),is diagramed as the pyramid of energy flow. then osprey eagle

are tertiary consumer and the shrimp are primary consumer, so to balance

mass of shrimp (1/0.1) / 0.1 = 100 kg