What effects do pioneer species have on an environment undergoing primary succession? give an example of a pioneer species.

The large ground finch obtains food by cracking seeds. what is its short, strong beak an example? a) tendency toward perfection b) adaptation of a species over time c) selective use and disuse of an organ over time d) scarcity of recourses

How can you approximate the number of calories required to keep you in energy balance?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a serious condition caused by a recessive allele of a gene on the human x chromosome. the patients have muscles that weaken over time because they have absent or decreased dystrophin, a muscle protein. they rarely live past their twenties. how likely is it for a woman to have this condition? a) women can never have this condition.b) one-fourth of the daughters of an affected man would have this condition.c) one-half of the daughters of an affected father and a carrier mother could have this condition.d) only if a woman is xxx could she have this condition.