Why might a dysfunctional gene affect one type of cell in the body, but not other types of cells?

Because cells are programmed in their different genes to only do the particular activities they are meant to carry out. Making it difficult for them to latch on to cells they aren't supposed to in our bodies.

The soviet union beat the us to the first successful launch, with the october 4, 1957, orbiting of sputnik 1, and later beat the us to have the first human in earth orbit, yuri gagarin, on april 12, 1961. the "race" peaked with the july 20, 1969, us landing of the first humans on the moon with apollo 11