These blotches are called what? the layer of the sun where these occur is called the what?

Sunspot are spots found on the sun's surface that occur because these regions have a lower temperature than the temperature of the rest of the solar surface, so it seems darker for our observation. It is a temporary phenomenon and is a region that concentrates high magnetic field due to reduced temperature.

the answer is c. it will give up it's valence electron to the other atom.

answer and explanation;

volcanic rocks are igneous rocks which form from lava, molten rock which has been thrust out of a volcano onto the surface of a rocky body such as an asteroid, planet, or dwarf planet.  

plutonic rocks are igneous rocks which form from subterranean chambers of molten rock or magma. plutonic rocks make up the base of continental crust as well as oceanic crust. their slow rate of formation causes them to be coarse grained since there is plenty of time for large crystals to form before the magma solidifies into rock.

the textural difference is that plutonic rocks are more coarse grained than volcanic rocks. plutonic rocks are coarse grained while volcanic are fine grained ; glassey or fragmental. since fine and coarse are adjectives the decision as to whether a rock is fine or coarse grained is generally made on the bases of whether or not the individual crystals can be seen in most if the rock.