Charles darwin studied finches on the galapagos islands. while the finches on all the islands came from the same ancestors, the distance between the islands was too great to allow finches from different islands to interbreed. over time, the size of the finches on the different islands remained the same, but the shape and size of their beaks changed, as shown here. this adaptation the finches find food on their particular island. the change in the size and shape of the finches’ beaks was most likely caused by

African penguins, which inhabit the coasts of southern africa, were classified as an endangered species in 2010. two significant threats to their survival are ecosystem damage from oil spills and overfishing by humans. overfishing depletes the food supply of african penguins. the best method to reduce the threat of overfishing would be to . the risk of oil spills could be reduced by increasing the use of , which should oil consumption. if an oil spill does occur, could be used to remove the oil so the ecosystem may more quickly recover.