Which of the following statements describes the central dogma of molecular biology?
a. biological information in a cell passes from dnato rna to protiens
b. biological information in a cell passes from rna to protiens to dna
c. biological information in a cell passes from rna to dna to protiens
d. biological information in a cell passes from protien to rna to dna
how many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?
a.2
b.23
c.44
d.46
which of the following has the disadvantage of possibly bringing two ressesive alleles together and causeing a genetic defect?
a. inbreeding
b. hybridization
c. genetic engineering
d. transformation

Q1. The answer is A.Biological information in a cell passes from DNAto RNA to proteins. The biological information is the part of DNA. During transcription, DNA is transcribed into RNA which now serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins. Thus, the central dogma of molecular biology describes how biological information in a cell passes from DNA to RNA to proteins.
     
Q2. The answer is D. 46. In a human diploid somatic cell (2n), there are 23 chromosomes present in two copies - 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. So, in a normal human karyotype there will be in total 46 chromosomes (23 pairs in 2 copies: 23 × 2 = 46).
   
Q3. The answer is A. inbreeding. Inbreeding is a breed from closely related organisms. Inbreeding causes a decrease of genetic variation by increasing homozygosity. This way, it can cause the genetic defect by bringing two recessive alleles together.