Which of the following is a characteristic of members of the kingdom monera, or archaebacteria and eubacteria, that distinguishes them from members of all other kingdoms? a. absence of a cellular nucleus b. presence of cilia and flagella c. the ability to synthesize proteins d. the ability to undergo photosynthesis

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.