Which of the following is the definition for speciation?
1. an inherited or learned trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival in its environment
2. the evolutionary process through which new species emerge
3. a process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive, reproduce, increase in number, and pass their traits on to succeeding generations
4. a process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored

The right option is; 2. the evolutionary process through which new species emerge

Speciation is an evolutionary process which results to the formation of new, distinct species that are reproductively isolated from one another due to reproductive barriers that are created as a result of physical, or genetic differences between the new species. The four geographic types of speciation are; allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric speciation.

it cools slower in the earth meaning the crystals have more time to form than lava on the surface