1. how did the first dogs develop the variations that they now have? 2. what are some of the factors that influenced human preferences about the size and shape of dogs? 3. how did the “dog fancy” influence dog genetics? 4. how has the bulldog changed? why has this happened? 5. what are the advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding for appearance? 6. what are some of the issues that have resulted from keeping dogs solely as pets? what can reduce these issues? 7. do dogs have a role in modern society? why or why not?

1. Humans transferred certain genes into certain breeds. Pugs used too have broad noses, and wieners used to have long legs. But due to human breeding, they developed into what they are today.
2. Size and shape normally very with human breeding, but back before we came along, the sizes we're the way they were because they proved to be benifical to the dog itself. (Kinda like a bird, some have long beaks for honey and seeds, some of short beaks for easy to reach items.)
Some of the advantages and disadvantages too human breeding for looks, tends to be the fact of health. The bulldog for example used to be much more broad, longer limbed, etc. Now, it's small, stubby, and is susceptible to many health issues involving the heart, kidneys and liver.
As for the pet standards, keeping dogs as pets can be both beneficial and not so much. Pets now, have gotten used to owners. Someone to provide for them, feed them, give them water. Wild dogs are independent. Think of it like city rats VS pet rats. And the last question is all up too you.