What are the common characteristics of authoritarian rule in africa? be sure to list at least 5 examples.

Authoritarian governments are the most common form of government in Africa. Only nine governments are considered democracies. More than half of all countries in Africa have been ruled by a military dictatorship at one time or another. This is very common in Africa, where governments often switch from military to civilian leadership. Elections are often held, but they are not free or fair. The results announced may be fraudulent, or if the party in power loses, they often fail to hand over power peacefully. People have few democratic freedoms, such as freedom of speech, freedom of press, and freedom of assembly, and those that speak out or protest are often jailed or killed.

Explanation:word for word

measuring light intensity

light meters can be used to measure light intensity. the meter is held at the soil surface and pointed in the direction of the maximum light intensity, and then the meter is read.

errors can be made when measuring light intensity by accidentally shading the light meter. the reliability of the results can be checked by taking many samples.