What is true of a substrate?

it acts as a reactant in a chemical reaction.
it provides a reaction with energy.
it acts as a product in a chemical reaction.
it is not consumed or changed by a reaction.

The concept of keystone species is controversial among ecologists because most organisms are highly interdependent. if each of the trophic levels is dependant on all others how can we say one is most important

According to this food web which of the following would be considered primary consumers

What is the genotype of the male circled in pink? ο χου lo xay xaya done answer was xay