Which of the following is an effect of a decrease in the surface-area-to-volume ratio of a cell?

a. genes mutate, resulting in a cancerous cell, b. waste removal becomes slower, c. the cell cycle speeds up.

You will create a molecular clock model for an arthropod gene. follow these guidelines to make your model: . your timeline will span from 90 million years ago to the present. the common ancestor in your model is an arthropod that lived 90 million years ago. the gene that you'll track codes for a protein in the species venom . the dna sequence youll track contains 10 nitrogen bases. you can choose the order of the bases and where the mutations occur. this gene mutates at a rate of approximately 0.76 base pairs every 17.1 million years. to build your model,/ calculate the estimated time period it takes for 1 base pair to mutate. the first time period will only show the common ancestor. at the beginning of the second time period, three lineages will diverge from the common ancestor, each with a different mutation in their gene sequences. the first and third descendant species will survive for the rest of the timeline. the second descendant species was extinct 50 million years ago. calculate how long it will take for one full base pair mutation to occur. explain your reasoning by constructing a mathematical equation

Two pea plants with yellow peas are crossed. most of their offspring have yellow peas, but about 25 percent of the offspring have green peas. for pea color, yellow is the dominant trait and green is the recessive trait. what does this tell you about the two parent plants? a. the parent plants have only dominant alleles for pea color. b. the parent plants are heterozygous for pea color. c. pea color follows an incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance. d. the parent plants are homozygous for pea color.

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in eukaryotic cellular respiration?