What underlying theme do the four molecular techniques share?

Nanotechnology, the atomic material is molecular and supramolecular levels of control. Also mentioned as the oldest and most common definition of nanotechnology, molecular nanotechnology today, exactly 'the control of atoms and molecules for the production of macroscale product represents a particular purpose. The more general definition of Nanotechnology National Nanotechnology Initiative by later. National Nanotechnology Initiative nanoteknoliji of 'at least one of size up to 100 nanometers in size control agent 1' is defined. Demonstrates the fact that this definition; quantum mechanical effects are important in the quantum-field scale. Thus, the definition rather than a specific technological purpose, turned into a category covering all areas of research addressing the special nature of the substances formed under the size limit of the types of technology and research. That's why "of nanotechnology" and the "nanoscale technologies" of the plural form 'is very common that the common feature of size and Applications expressed a wide range of research. Potential applications (including industrial and military) has invested billions of dollars to the state because of the diversity of nanotechnology research. US National Nanotechnology Initiative thus made $ 3.7 billion investment. The European Union and Japan has invested $ 1.2 billion, $ 750 million. Nanotechnology is defined in magnitude for earth science, organic chemistry, molecular biology, semiconductor physics, contains areas of science such as micro fabrication and naturally is very wide. Related research and applications in the same way as they are diverse. From the extension of the basic device physics to completely new approaches to non-atomic molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale, they vary from the direct control of matter on the atomic scale.

There's no options to. choose from

The answer is d i think