Which of the following (circle all that apply) are used as evidence that current species of organisms are related to each other and share a common ancestor?
a. comparing anatomical structures
b. analyzing the fossil record
c. analyzing DNA, RNA, and proteins
d. comparing the names of organisms

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.