The corticospinal tracts that synapse on motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord are visible as they descend along the ventral surface of the medulla as a pair of thick bands, the . The corticospinal tracts that synapse on motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord are visible as they descend along the ventral surface of the medulla as a pair of thick bands, the . pyramids reticular formation peduncles olives medial lemniscus

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.

volcanoes (an event in the geosphere) release a large amount of particulate matter into the atmosphere. these particles serve as nuclei for the formation of water droplets (hydrosphere). rainfall (hydrosphere) often increases following an eruption, stimulating plant growth (biosphere).

high growth (apex)