Question 112 pts Choose the word/phrase from the right to complete the statement on the left. Choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Group of answer choices Archaea are cells. [ Choose ] Eubacteria cell walls contain . [ Choose ] cells have a membrane bound nucleus and/or organelles. [ Choose ] All domain organisms live in extreme environments. [ Choose ] Plants have cell walls made of. [ Choose ] are considered to be the first life forms on Earth. [ Choose ] Fungi cell walls are composed of . [ Choose ] Fungi use to obtain nutrients. [ Choose ] are organisms which do not fit in other eukaryotic categories. [ Choose ] Plants are classified as because they make their own food. [ Choose ] Corals have a relationship with algae. [ Choose ] Corals are classified as due to their relationship with algae

The correct answer is -

1. Archaea are prokaryotic cells. These are one of the two prokaryotic organism domain. the other is eubacteria.

2. Eubacteria cell wall contains peptidoglycan which is composed of sugar and amino acids.

3. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound nucleus or organelles. which distinguishes it from prokaryotic cells.

4. All archaea domain organisms found in extreme conditions such as halophiles, extremophiles, and thermophile.

5. The cell wall of the plant is made of cellulose, a polymer of glucose units.

6. Eubacteria are considered to be the first living organism or form found on earth.

7. Fungi cell walls are made up of a chitin cell wall. which is makes it different from eubacteria and plants.

8. Fungi uses absorption to obtain nutrients. Most of the fungi uses haustaurium to absorb nutrients.

9.Fungi are organism that do not fit in other eukaryotic category. Hence they were classified as separate kingdom in 5 kingdom classification.

10.plants are classifies as autotrophs because they make their own food.These autotrophs serve as primary producers.

11.Corals have a symbiotic relationship with algae. Algae provide food for coral through photosynthesis where as coral provide protection to algae.

12.corals are classified as autotrophs due to their relationship with algae.They are mixotrophs generally because they act as autotrophs with association of algae and capture prey by tentacles thus making heterotrophic nutrition.

synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a joint cavity. the walls of this space are formed by the articular capsule, a fibrous connective tissue structure that is attached to each bone just outside the area of the bone’s articulating surface. the bones of the joint articulate with each other within the joint cavity.

friction between the bones at a synovial joint is prevented by the presence of the articular cartilage, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone. however, unlike at a cartilaginous joint, the articular cartilages of each bone are not continuous with each other. instead, the articular cartilage acts like a teflon® coating over the bone surface, allowing the articulating bones to move smoothly against each other without damaging the underlying bone tissue. lining the inner surface of the articular capsule is a thin synovial membrane. the cells of this membrane secrete synovial fluid (synovia = “a thick fluid”), a thick, slimy fluid that provides lubrication to further reduce friction between the bones of the joint. this fluid also provides nourishment to the articular cartilage, which does not contain blood vessels. the ability of the bones to move smoothly against each other within the joint cavity, and the freedom of joint movement this provides, means that each synovial joint is functionally classified as a diarthrosis.

outside of their articulating surfaces, the bones are connected together by ligaments, which are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue. these strengthen and support the joint by anchoring the bones together and preventing their separation. ligaments allow for normal movements at a joint, but limit the range of these motions, thus preventing excessive or abnormal joint movements. ligaments are classified based on their relationship to the fibrous articular capsule. an extrinsic ligament is located outside of the articular capsule, an intrinsic ligament is fused to or incorporated into the wall of the articular capsule, and an intracapsular ligament is located inside of the articular capsule.

at many synovial joints, additional support is provided by the muscles and their tendons that act across the joint. a tendon is the dense connective tissue structure that attaches a muscle to bone. as forces acting on a joint increase, the body will automatically increase the overall strength of contraction of the muscles crossing that joint, thus allowing the muscle and its tendon to serve as a “dynamic ligament” to resist forces and support the joint. this type of indirect support by muscles is very important at the shoulder joint, for example, where the ligaments are relatively weak.

additional structures associated with synovial joints

a few synovial joints of the body have a fibrocartilage structure located between the articulating bones. this is called an articular disc, which is generally small and oval-shaped, or a meniscus, which is larger and c-shaped. these structures can serve several functions, depending on the specific joint. in some places, an articular disc may act to strongly unite the bones of the joint to each other. examples of this include the articular discs found at the sternoclavicular joint or between the distal ends of the radius and ulna bones. at other synovial joints, the disc can provide shock absorption and cushioning between the bones, which is the function of each meniscus within the knee joint. finally, an articular disc can serve to smooth the movements between the articulating bones, as seen at the temporomandibular joint. some synovial joints also have a fat pad, which can serve as a cushion between the bones.