Describe how the relative surface temperature and the relative luminosity of Aldebaran would change if it collapses and becomes a white dwarf like Procyon B

Greatly affect the luminous intensity.

Explanation:

The relative surface temperature and the relative luminosity of Aldebaran will greatly decreases if it becomes Procyon B because more surface area of a star increases the luminous intensity of that star.  The size of Aldebaran is 30.7 million km whereas the size of Procyon B has 8585 km which very much lower than the Aldebaran so there is a great difference in the magnitude of luminosity between Aldebaran and Procyon B. So we can conclude that the decrease in the surface area of a star will greatly affect its luminous intensity.

relative dating involves things like higher layers are most recent than rocks lower in the sequence. this can be extended to the known sequence of fossils. rocks containing rabbit fossils are later than those containing dinosaur fossils.  

absolute dating methods mainly use radioactive elements that have known rates of decay and produce recognizable products. for example potassium 40 decays to produce argon. once a rock has solidified the argon is trapped. by measuring the argon and potassium0 you can get an accurate number for the age.  

some other methods are good for archaeological ages. dendrochronology involves recognizing the sequence of tree rings. the orientation of magnetized particles in baked clay can be used to date a fire.

hope this .. .