Populations of caribou show a cyclical fluctuation with predictable patterns in Norway. Reindeer populations are higher in the southern regions in winter months while populations are higher in the northern regions in the summer months. Infer the cause of
these predictable changes for the Norwegian reindeer populations.
-))
A)
B)
C)
Reindeer migrate from north to south in the winter months to reach more
fertile feeding grounds. They migrate to the north in summer months.
The reindeer migrate from north to south in the summer months to reach
more fertile feeding grounds. They migrate to the north in winter months.
The reindeer populations migrate to an intermediate location in Norway to
mate and then diverge to the northernmost and southernmost regions to
avoid competition for food.
There are two species of reindeer in Norway. The northernmost species
reproduces in the winter, causing an increase in population size. The
southernmost species reproduces in the summer, causing an increase in
population size.
D)

Experiments in environmental toxicology can sometimes be manipulative experiments in which the researcher actively chooses and manipulates the independent variable. in hunt's study, for example, dosages of bpa were manipulated and the effects were measured. in manipulative studies, the researcher controls all the other variables in the experiment, so any health effects observed in the test subjects can be attributed to differences in the independent variable. in other cases, researchers use natural experiments in which the dependent variable (typically a measure of organism health) is measured under differing contexts that are not manipulated. say, for example, that an accidental chemical spill contaminates five ponds. to determine the possible effects of the toxic chemical on frogs, a researcher could compare the hatching rate of frog eggs laid in those five ponds to the hatching rate of eggs laid in five uncontaminated ponds nearby. this would be an example of a natural experiment because concentrations of the toxic chemical in the ponds were not controlled by the experimenter, but rather resulted from the chemical spill. drag type of experiment on the left to the example of experiment on the right. blood concentrations of bpa in college students are compared to their recent manipulative consumption of canned food items 2. the feeding behavior of fish in streams that receive acidic runoff from strip mines is compared to the feeding behavior of fish in unaffected streams. the deformity rate in baby birds from nests in pesticide-sprayed fields is compared to the deformity rate in birds from nests in unsprayed fields 4 tumor development is compared in mice exposed to five dosages of a known carcinogen in the laboratory foraging activity levels are compared in tadpoles exposed to four concentrations of toxic metals in the laboratory. growth of corn plants is compared in field plots sprayed with three different dosage: s of weed killer 7 bpa concentrations in the urine of people with diabetes are compared to bpa concentrations in the urine of people without diabetes - natural; manipulative

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What is one reason why transpiration is important in plants? question 19 options: it produces food from the sugar in the plant cells. it enables the flow of water out of the plant. it produces carbon dioxide in the leaves of the plant.