What do u mean by autecology???​

Autecology concerns the study of interactions between an individual, a population, or a species and its total environment. Environment refers to all the physical and biotic factors directly influencing a given organism or organismic unit as well as anything affected by it. Autecology has sometimes been defined as ‘species ecology’ and it has also been equated with physiological ecology. Many examples of how autecologies differ among various taxa are given. Indirect interactions, such as indirect mutualisms and tropic cascades, can greatly complicate autecologies; several examples are given.

Explanation:

the correct answer is c   with the systems

kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. they grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. these underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species.

e) all of the above