According to Darwin, what is evolution?

Darwin defined evolution as "descent with modification," the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.

Explanation is in the file

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stratosphere: as the altitude increases, the air temperature increases. the stratosphere has a layer of ozone, called the ozone layer. this layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. this results in the stratosphere being warmer.

the wires in the toaster turning red and the toast crisping and turning brown