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Explanation: 1. Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

2.  Organic, Clastic and Chemical Sedimentary Rocks.

3. The formation of coal takes millions of years, which is why it is an exhaustible and non-renewable natural resource.

It was formed around 300 million years ago when the earth was covered with swampy forests.

When plants in these forests- mainly trees, mosses, ferns, and reeds died, they fell into the swamps.

Thus there was a thick layer of dead vegetation in the swamp formed.

4. Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing minerals and rock. A clast is a fragment of geological detritus, chunks and smaller grains of rock broken off other rocks by physical weathering.

6.Squeezed and compressed over time, the sediments become 'consolidated' (made solid) into layers of rock. Stratigraphy is the study of those layers Cementation occurs when dissolved mineral components deposit in the interstices of sediments. It is the sticking together of sediment that forms a rock.

7. It is used by marine biota to form a shell frame. Shells of marine animals are rich in carbonate minerals. When the marine animals die, the shells will accumulate and settle in a place so that rocks are formed.

8. This may be due to the overburden load, which is essentially the weight of all the material above the layer of minerals in question squashing them flat. Or it may be due to deformation caused by the movements of tectonic plates which often causes a form of deformation known as shearing where two things slide past each other. When this occurs in ductile rock masses, it acts to flatten and rotate mineral grains so that their long axis is parallel to the shear plane.