In joints, the articulating surfaces are flat. (Click to select) In joints, a convex cylinder of one bone fits in a concave depression of the other bone. (Click to select) In joints, a bony process fits within a bony and/or ligament ring. (Click to select) In joints, a rounded bone surface of one bone fits inside a cuplike depression of the other bone. (Click to select) A joint consists of a convex surface of one bone articulating with a concave surface of another bone. (Click to select) In joints, an oval-shaped surface of one bone articulates with an oval depression in another bone.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).