In one patient with cystic fibrosis, the replacement of a T for a C occurred at nucleotide 1609. The protein produced by this patient had only the first 493 amino acids of the normal chain of 1480 and could not function. Based on this information, what type of general and
specific mutation has occurred in individuals with cystic fibrosis?

Define the apical impulse and describe its normal location, size, and duration. which abnormal conditions may affect the location of the apical impulse? explain the mechanism producing normal first and second heart sounds. describe the effect of respiration on the heart sounds. describe the characteristics of the first heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base. describe the characteristics of the second heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base.