How is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transferred from generation to generation.

maternal mtDNA

Explanation:

While nothing but the haploid nucleus remains of the sperm during fertilisation, the ovum still has its mitochondria and other organelles. Mitochondria are capable of division and will divide according to cell's needs.

So it is the maternal mtDNa that gets passed on. Spontaneous mutations can happen at any point ofcourse and get passed on in the same way.

answer: 2

explanation:

yes

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.