sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation of one nucleotide in a gene. the type of mutation that causes sickle cell anemia is known as

every el niño cycle is different. every year.

passive transport is a movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input. unlike active transport, it does not require an input of cellular energy because it is instead driven by the tendency of the system to grow in entropy.

so, according to what that says, i believe it's hypertonic and hypotonic.

good luck!

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