Who created the "first real theory of evolution" that animals can undergo major changes in their own lifetime to adapt and are able to pass these
traits to their offspring?

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck  

Explanation:

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was a French biologist which developed the first theory to understand how species change (evolve) over time. This evolutionary concept was published under the name of 'Theory of the Transmutation of Species' in the early 19th century. Subsequently, Darwin published his famous and widely accepted evolutionary theory in the book 'On the Origin of Species' (1859).

well, that's easy; the answer's c, "it reduces contamination of the water and substrate of the estuary."