Many scientific discoveries have contributed to the explanation of how life began on Earth. Which of the following was NOT used to develop this scientific theory? A. Scientists supported Lynn Margulis' theory that eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as prokaryotes that lived inside other, larger prokaryotic cells.

B. Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation by showing that bacteria will not grow on meat in a sterilized environment.

C. Oparin's "primordial soup" theory was tested by Miller and Urey by passing sparks through a mixture of gases to represent lightning and within a week, several simple organic molecules had formed.

D. Darwin's argument that vestigial structures are evidence that evolution has occurred.

How many years would it take the atlantic ocean to grow 500 centimeters? show your work.

Acertain species of fish can have either long or short fins. the allele for long fins is dominant over the allele for short fins. a heterozygous, long-finned fish is crossed with a homozygous, short-finned fish. of the offspring, will have long fins and be , and will have short fins and be .

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).