What advantages do vaccines have over antibiotic or antiviral drugs?

According to https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/02/16/how-do-antibiotics-and-vaccines-affect-nature/

" Antibiotics kill indiscriminately, whereas vaccines are highly targeted. Antibiotics are used to treat severe infection, whereas vaccines prevent infections from ever becoming established."

Explanation:

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answer: - few nutrients

high pressure

low temperatures

explanation: 1. few nutrients:   open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.2. high pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.3. ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface. 4. varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.5. low temperatures:   the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°c to an average of 17°c

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