You decide to conduct a genetic analysis of these mutant lines by crossing each with a pure-breeding wild-type line. The numbers in the F2 indicate the number of progeny in each phenotypic class. Three crosses between pure lines. Cross 1 between plants with twisted and wild-type leaves results in plants with twisted leaves. An F1 F1 cross results in 53 plants with twisted leaves and 18 wild-type plants. Cross 2 between plants with forked and wild-type leaves results in plants with forked leaves. An F1 F1 cross results in 49 forked and 16 wild-type plants. Cross 3 between plants with pale and wild-type leaves results in plants with leaves of intermediate color. An F1 F1 cross results in 34 plants with intermediate leaves, 17 wild-type plants, and 16 plants with pale leaves. From these results, determine the relationship between the mutant allele and its corresponding wild-type allele in each line. Label each mutant line with the best statement from the list below. Labels may be used once, more than once, or not at all

Complete question:

You will find the complete question in the attached files

Explanation:

Parentals)    TT   x      tt

F1) twisted leaves, Tt. ---> Heterozygous

Parentals) Tt    x    Tt

Punnett square)    T     t

                       T    TT   Tt

                        t    Tt    tt

F2) 53 twisted, 18 wild-type

Total number of individuals in the F2 = 53 + 18 = 71

71 plants 100% of the F2

53 twistedX = 75% TT + Tt

18 wild-typeX = 25% tt

Phenotypic ratio 3:1

The phenotype of the F1 and F2 progeny tells us that the twist trait is dominant over the wild type. The fact that the whole F1 generation was twisted is enough information to assume that the wild type is recessive and the twisted is dominant. Also, the phenotypic ratio of the F2 corroborates this assumption.

Parentals)  FF     x     ff

F1) 100% forked, Ff> Heterozygous

Parentals)  Ff     x     Ff

Punnett square)    F      f

                    F       FF    Ff

                    f        Ff     ff

F2) 49 forked and 16 wild-type plants

Total number of individuals in the F2 = 49 + 16 = 65

65 plants 100% of the F2

49 forkedX = 75% FF + Ff

16 wild-typeX = 25% ff

Phenotypic ratio 3:1

The phenotype of the F1 and F2 progeny tells us that the twist trait is dominant over the wild type. The fact that the whole F1 generation was forked is enough information to assume that the wild type is recessive and the forked is dominant. Also, the phenotypic ratio of the F2 corroborates this assumption.

Parentals) PP    x    pp

F1) 100% Pp, intermediate color.

Parentals) Pp   x   Pp

Punnett square)   P       p

                      P    PP    Pp

                       p    Pp    pp

F2) 34 intermediate, 17 wild-types, and 16 pale.

Total number of individuals in the F2 = 34 + 17  + 16 = 67

67 plants 100% of the F2

34 intermediate X = 51% Pp

17 wild-typeX = 25% pp

16 pale X = 24% PP

Phenotypic ratio 1:2:1

The phenotype of the F1 and F2 progeny tells us that the pale trait is not dominant neither recessive to the wild type. The fact that the whole F1 generation was intermediate is enough information to assume that none of the traits dominates over the other. This is a case of incomplete dominance.  The heterozygous individual express an intermediate phenotype between both the parentals´ one. Also, the phenotypic ratio of the F2 corroborates this assumption.  

4.) metal

"-the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back to the environment

-carbon is the essential component of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (which make up all organisms)

-carbon exists in air, water, and living organisms

-producers convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into carbohydrates during photosynthesis

-bacteria in the atmosphere cycles through the system in filtration units

-in cellular respiration, carbon is released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

-some carbon is stored in limestone (forming one of the largest "carbon sinks" on earth)

-largest carbon reservoir on earth= limestone

-carbon stored in the bodies of organisms as fat, oils, or other molecules may be released into the soil or air when the organism dies

-this may form deposits of coal, oil, or natural gas (fossil fuels, which increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide)

-fossil fuels store carbon left over from bodies of organisms that died millions of years ago

-they are located in the surface of earth, deep within the earth and beneath the ocean floor."    

blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. as the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.