Select all that apply.

which of the following are vertebrates?

starfish

earthworms

tunicates

crab

amphibians

lancelets

octopus

grasshopper

The right options are; amphibians  and lancelets

Vertebrates are all species of animals that belongs to the subphylum; Vertebrata. Vertebrates are chordates that have a spinal cord enclosed by cartilage or bone. Vertebrates include mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, and amphibians. The vertebrate skeleton is made up of a brain case, bones, vertebrae, and gill arches (in fish and some amphibians).

answer: land bridge theory. land bridge theory held that shifting portions of dry land explained the finding of identical species on different continents. plate tectonic theory eventually eliminated the land bridge theory.

this is true, assuming that the allele is completely recessive and incomplete dominance is not a factor.