4)One approach to quantify the amount of antibody in a sample is to conjugate with a piece of DNA and then quantify the amount of bound DNA by PCR. To show such covalent conjugation is possible, a sample of antibody was reacted with DNA. Anion exchange chromatography was then used to confirm the antibody-DNA conjugate was formed. Two peaks are then expected one for the antibody bound to DNA and one for free antibody. Antibody-DNA complex is expected to be eluted in peak .

Which of the following is not a main characteristic that scientists focus on when determining which kingdom an organism belongs to

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow. researchers have created a robot that has a very thin leg that is moved by cardiac (heart) cells contracting in unison. the robot, made of a polymer similar to that used in making contact lenses, is bathed in heart cells with supporting cells, which then attach to the robot and provide movement as they contract. all of the cardiac cells working together can cause the robot leg to move in a way that individual cells could not. this is an example of a. emergent properties of cells. b. energy flow through an ecosystem. c. adaptation. d. internal environment regulation.

The instructions for making proteins come originally from