I need the answer to 12 and 13 please ! :)

How does the molecular clock work? a. it analyzes the brain functionality of two different species.b. it examines and compares the physical characteristics of two different species.c. it illustrates relationships between two different species.d. it compares the number of mutations that exist in the dna of two different species.

1) what three conditions must be present for minerals to form through natural processes? 2) why are minerals considered inorganic substances? 3) how do oxides differ from other minerals that contain oxygen atoms? 4) how is a sulfide different from a sulfate? what makes native elements unique?

In the ocean why are the greatest amount of primary producers found in the epipelagic zone and how does that affect biodiversity