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What are some possible short and long term medical concerns for crew members on longer space exploration trips

In a cladogram, what occurs at a node? a derived trait appears. evolution is stopped. an ancestor dies. the cladogram ends. aa as s as ss what are the chances that their offspring will have sickle cell anemia? 0% 25% 50% 100%

When a population split into two subgroups what is most likely to cause the subgroups to develop different traits?