Cells typically respond to DNA damage in three ways: by ceasing to grow and divide until the damage is repaired, by permanently ceasing to grow and divide, or by dying. In 2010 a group of
scientists reported that a certain kind of immune reaction can cause DNA damage that leads to a
fourth response. DNA damage can turn off genes involved in cell-signaling pathways. Turning off
cause less-mature cells to divide too rapidly, often leading to the development of

cause less-mature cells to divide too rapidly, often leading to the development of cancer

Explanation: when damage is done dna is divided quickly witch makes them develop cancer

a tetrad is the foursome during meiosis made by two homologous chromosomes that have each already replicated into a pair of sister chromatids.

desert perennials often survive by remaining dormant during dry periods of the year, then springing to life when water becomes available. most annual desert plants germinate only after heavy seasonal rain, then complete their reproductive cycle very quickly.