1. Which of the following is an example of a heritable characteristic (or inheritable trait) possessed by an animal that will improve its reproductive potential and survivability in its environment? a. Position of geese flying in V formation
b. Color and shape camouflage of praying mantis
c. Muscle atrophy in aging dogs
d. Male dominance in a pack of wolves

2. There are several species of salamanders in Austin, Texas that have adapted for life in underground caves. These salamanders usually have small, nonfunctional eyes. Scientists studying biological evolution consider the salamanders' eyes to be an example of —.

a. a vestigial organ
b. a genetic mutation
c. an analogous structure
d. an incomplete adaptation

Approximately 90% of all cases of polycystic kidney disease are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. the disease is typically related to mutations to genes (pkd1 and pkd2). pkd genes can be found on chromosome 16. the disease occurs in approximately 1: 800 to 1: 1000 people. here is a hypothetical example. the dominant allele d will cause the development of pkd. the recessive allele is known as d. what genotypes would correspond to suffering from pkd? dd, dd what genotypes would correspond to being normal (not suffering from pkd)? dd consider that 1: 1,000 people have pkd in your population of 325million. consider that pkd is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. show you math for all of the following questions: what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is p? what is q? how many people in your population would have pkd?

How do you date a sample of rock that you suspect as being one of the earliest on earth

Rachel ate a piece of fruit and happened to drop the seeds in her backyard. after a few weeks, she saw a small plant with flowers growing in the backyard. which group does this plant belong to? a. angiosperms b. gymnosperms c. pteridophytes d. bryophytes e. chytrids