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The second option: meiosis and fertilization

process A is meiosis, you can see that the gamete(haploid cell) results from the diploid cell. The gamete has n chromosomes(39), whereas the diploid cell has 2n(78)

process B is fertilization the two gametes(haploid) fuse together to form the zygote(diploid)

Explanation:

Process A allows the chromosome number in the dog cells to be reduced by half. This is only possible due to meiosis as it undergoes 2 phases of meiosis/cell division which is meiosis I and II. (From 2n to 4n to 2n to n)

(After mitosis, the chromosome number will remain constant even though DNA replication occured in S phase, as there is only 1 phase of mitosis/cell division, so from 2n to 4n back to 2n)

Process B allows the dog gamete cells to undergo fertilization and produce a zygote, therefore the chromosome number returns back to 2n.

(Pollination only occurs in plants, not in animals such as dogs and humans)

The correct answer is Meiosis and Fertilization.

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