How can we explain the observation that traits, such as skin color, are fairly consistent within a racial group, but alleles for skin color are not consistent

Skin color is a quantitative trait influenced by the combined action of many genes, thereby different gene pools can result in the same skin color.

Explanation:

Quantitative traits (also known as continuous traits, ) are phenotypic traits that depend on the combined action of many genes and the environment. These traits show continuous variation, changing gradually over a range of values in the population. Examples of quantitative traits include height, skin color, weight, etc. A gene pool is the sum of all the individual genes in a population. In consequence, different populations may show different allele combinations (gene pools) that result in the same phenotype for a quantitative trait (skin color).

for 8 am not sure maybe yes?

for 9 if it is asking if the male is more or less it would be less

hope i even just a little : )