The yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe activates transcription of certain genes in the presence of cAMP. To identify a consensus sequence that responds to cAMP activation, you compare the DNA sequences of 10 different promoters that are activated by cAMP-responsive transcription factors, focusing on the regions of the promoters between nucleotides at positions -100 to -86, where 1 is the first nucleotide copied in the mRNA transcript. From the following data, suggest a consensus sequence responsible for cAMP activation of promoters in this organism. Briefly explain the reason(s) for your choices. 5' 100 -90
A 4 2 1 3 1 0 10 0 1 0 5 2 3
T 0 10 0 1 0 5 2 3 2 1 3 1 0
C 10 1 3 1 0 10 0 1 0 5 2 3 6
G 4 2 1 3 1 0 10 5 2 3 2 1 3

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).