Newton's first law of motion states that an object will remain in motion in a straight line unless compelled to change direction by an external force. Explain why satellites launched into orbit do not continue moving in a straight line. Make a connection between satellites and planets.

Explanation:

When satellites are launched into orbit, they are able to orbit around planets due to the gravitational force of attraction between the satellite and planet (usually there is no apparent change in motion of the planet because of its relative huge size than the satellite)

This gravitational force is in a different direction than the satellite's motion, therefore it keeps it orbiting around planets and does not continue moving in a straight line.

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave

i'd have to say the answer is probable the second option "the geosphere interacting with the atmosphere"