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4.Neutral fats such as triglycerides offer the energy needed for cellular respiration(9kcal per gram)

5.Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds in their molecules and are mainly found in animals.

6.Phospholipids are found in biological membranes.

7.Cholesteroleplay different roles like being the initial molecule for steroid hormone synthesis, decreasing the cell membrane permeability and aiding in lipids intestinal absorbtion

8.The two main parts of a lipid are glycerol and fatty acids.

9.A fat is saturated if none of the fatty acids present have double bonds.A fat is unsaturated if there is at least a double bond in the fatty acids

10.Steroids contain 4 rings and contain about 17 carbon atoms. Their main function is influencing the membrane fluidity and they are signaling molecules.

11.The role of wax is for example in the ear removing the impurities and protecting the eardrum.

12.Carbohydrate molecules offer 4kcal per gram while fat molecules offer 9kcal per gram. Lipids store more energy

Proteins

13.Proteins represent about 18% of the cell's mass.

14.Proteins are built from amino acids.

15.We have 20 amino acids in our bodies

16.The basic structure of an amino acid is based upon an amino group(-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a radical(-R) that differs in every amino acid.

17.The secondary structure of a protein can either be α-helices or β folds.

Carbohydrates

18.Carbohydrates contain carbon(C) hydrogen(H) and oxygen(O)

19.The ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1

20.Carbohydrates comprise about 10% of our body cell mass.

21.The smallest carbohydrate is called monosacharide

22.glucose fructose galactose ribose

23.in the picture

24.Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures. In carbohydrates there are mainly optic isomers.

25.Disacharides are formed by joining two molecules of mono saccharides together and losing a water molecule.

26.maltose(glucose;glucose),succhrose(fructose;glucose),lactose(galactose;glucose)

27.cellulose-forms the cell wall of plant cells starch-used as storage of glucose in plant cells glycogen-used as storage for glucose in animal cells

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.