Why is there less energy in the top of the energy pyramid than there is in the bottom? The extra energy in the bottom is slower to reach the top
Organisms in the top of the pyramid use up energy the fastest
Heat energy is lost at each trophic level through energy transfer

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

b. to discover aspects of the natural world.

hopefully i .