Cells typically respond to DNA damage in three ways: by ceasing (stopping) to grow and divide until the damage is repaired, by
permanently ceasing (stopping) to grow and divide, or by dying. In
2010 a group of scientists reported that a certain kind of immune
reaction can cause DNA damage that leads to a fourth response.
DNA damage can turn off genes involved in cell-signalling
pathways. Turning off these genes can cause less-mature cells to
divide too rapidly, often leading to the development of