How does a volcano affect the geosphere

My question says on my assignment. read the following scenarios and decide which of the properties of life are being described. the first one is. katherine stopped on the way to school to grab some donuts. 2. because a dog cannot sweat, it has to pant in order to stay cool. 3. an elephant trun had no bone but 4,000 muscles. i have no idea what i am supposed to anwer. i can't find the answer in my notes or book that i can understand anyway

During which phase does earth see more than half of the moon's surface? 1)first quarter2)third quarter3)waxing gibbous4)waning crescent

Is there any species that went extinct in recent years due to natural causes (not caused by human interaction). if so, what caused it?