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Each diploid cell in the human body consists of 46 strands of DNA, each representing each of the 46 chromosomes in the cell. Since there are about 100 trillion cells in the body (American Association for the Advancement of Science estimate), in which majority are diploid, this means that there are about 4,600 trillion DNA strands in the body.

The sugar found in RNA is ribose, whereas the sugar found in DNA is deoxyribose, both of which are 5-carbon sugars. Both types of sugars are important components of nucleotides.

The nitrogen bases are also called nucleobases because they play a major role as building blocks of the nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). There are two major classes of nitrogenous bases: purines and pyrimidines. Both classes resemble the molecule pyridine and are nonpolar, planar molecules.

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