When DNA is exposed to things like radiation and e-rays it will have no effect on the nucleic acids?

During endocytosis, cells expel what they don't need take in what they need shrink due to loss of water

The pharynx is the structure in the body that serves as a pathway of both air and food. how does the body make sure that food does not get into the lungs? the salivary glands secrete enzymes that pull food out of the air pathway. the small intestine pushes the air out of the digestive system. the pancreas breaks down food in the air pathway. the epiglottis closes the air pathway so that food will not enter it.

Actinobacteria sp. are fermenting organisms (which do you use oxygen to breathe) referred to as chemoorganohetereotrophs this means they break down organic material and convert it to inorganic material. which part of the carbon cycle does this describe