A cell from an organism divides into 2 daughter cells A and B. This organism has 4 total chromosomes (chromosomes
1, 2, 3, and 4). Chromosome 3 doesn't separate at
metaphase but instead both sister chromatids go to
daughter cell A. All other chromosomes function
normally. After cytokinesis, there will be

climate change and pollution

c) 50% there are four chromosomes. after crossing over, 2 of the four have been changed. that means any gamete has a 2 in 4 chance or 50% chance of receiving the mutated chromosome.

not necessarily. higher fitness requires the organism to be reproductive successful. for example, an organism at age 10 with 15 offspring is much more fit than an organism at age 15 with only 5 offspring.