Researchers are studying the abnormal activity of kinases in relation to cancer. Theoretically, how might researchers use signal transduction pathways to influence the environment of cancer cells for treatment? a Disrupt the function of protein kinases involved in cell cycle regulation
b Inactivate epinephrine receptors on cancer cells
c Stimulate the production of cAMP in cancer cells
d Alter G protein-coupled receptors involved in cell cycle regulation to be active in the absence of their normal signaling molecules

organisms that lack symmetry are called asymmetrical and belong to phylum porifera/sponges.

organisms with specialized stinging cells belong to phylum cnidaria. stinging cells are called cnidoblast cells.

cnidarians show two morphological forms : polyp (sessile) and medusa (mobile)

filter feeding is observed in porifera members.  

alternation of generation is observed in coelenterata or cnidaria. there is alternation of asexual polyp form and sexual medusoid form. it is also referred as metagenesis.

picture a world where computers are building made-to-order personalized robotic arms and synthetic organs, drones are circulating above mars! due to the rapid growth of technology, the future has never been more unpredictable, and it presents a huge challenge in education: we are teaching students how to work in a future that we have never been unsure of. it is widely predicted that in eight years’ time, there will be more jobs in the fields of science, mathematics, technology and engineering than in any other discipline. and, as the technology continues to develop, it will soon become clear that addressing social problems will involve more innovative thinking, and analytical and technical knowledge than ever before. undeniably, there are no subjects that encourage innovative and creative thinking, deep thought, problem solving and independence more than the stem subjects. while it is widely commented on that there is a need to reimagine the ways stem subjects are taught in schools by embracing a more interactive and innovative approach to appeal to more students, it should come as no surprise that some of the most reputable educational organizations in the world are already implementing changes to embrace stem. harvard, for example, announced in 2014 that they were increasing their computer science faculty by over 50% and has since introduced computer science as a core subject for all freshmen. the urgency of supporting stem subjects at a young age is becoming more relevant than ever, as adopting a keen interest in the curricula needs to happen early. however, beyond the age issue is one of gender.

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only about ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to organisms at the next trophic level. the remainder of the energy is used in life processes or lost as heat.