This question I will never understand, someone please help

What is the chance of two parents with blood types ab and o producing an offspring with blood type o a.0% b.25% c.75% d.50%

Coat color in cats is determined by genes at several different loci. at one locus on the x chromosome, one allele (x ) encodes black fur and another allele (xo) encodes orange fur. females can be black (x x ), orange (xoxo), or a mixture of orange and black called tortoiseshell (x xo). males are either black (x y) or orange (xoy). bill has a female tortoiseshell cat named patches. one night, patches escapes from bill\'s house, spends the night out, and mates with a stray male. patches later gives birth to the following kittens: one orange male, one black male, two tortoiseshell females, and one orange female. what are the genotypes of patches, the stray male, and the kittens?

Astudent poured a solution of bromothymol blue indicator into three test tubes. then he placed an aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, as shown below. he placed a stopper on each test tube and placed them all in the dark for 24 hours. bromothymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of co2